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Analysis of some biologicaly active components in natural plant extracts
Kováčová, Ivana ; Márová, Ivana (referee) ; Němcová, Andrea (advisor)
This thesis is focused on the study of the effectiveness of active ingredients from natural extracts such as milk thistle and turmeric. The thesis describes the use of modern methods of analysis and identification of active substances located in plants of milk thistle and turmeric. In the experimental part of thesis, which was preceded by a literature search focused on the biological effects of active substances in the chosen natural extracts, the extracts were characterized according to group characteristics (total assessment of polyphenols and flavonoids, assessment of antioxidant activity, and assessment of vitamin C volume and tocopherol). The next part is focused on the study of the encapsulation of natural active substances into the organic particles: liposomes. Silymarin and curcumin were encapsulated as active substances. The idea of a plant with a single active ingredient is usually erroneous. Plants usually contain hundreds of components which cooperate on a given effect. Therefore, the majority of herbalists believe that a simple plant is an active ingredient. However, some plants are known to be containing a particular active phytochemical. For instance, plants such as the milk thistle, turmeric, or a ginkgo are great examples of the plant containing a particular active phytochemical. In these cases, the active compound is disproportionately more effective than the plant itself. Encapsulation efficiency of active ingredients of Silymarin and curcumin was determined by HPLC/PDA. The aim of the analysis was to observe the behavior of elements during the incubation in surrounding of gastric juice model, and the stability while maintaining the particles in model food.
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Analysis of milk thistle (\kur{Silybum marianum}) crop management in agricultural company
ŠINDELKOVÁ, Tereza
This diploma thesis deals with monitoring of milk thistle cultivation in selected farm in South Bohemia. The growth of the milk thistle was followed by fees for assessing growth and its developmental phase. Pre-harvest plant selections to estimate the number of flowers on the leaves and the number on the flowers. The feed yield, the tissue content for feeding, the water and dry matter content, the fat and N content, the total antioxidant activity were determined.
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Determination of the stoichiometry of the copper complexes with dehydrosilybine A
Klimková, Kateřina ; Mladěnka, Přemysl (advisor) ; Hrdina, Radomír (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Candidate: Kateřina Klimková Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Přemysl Mladěnka, Pharm. D., Ph.D. Consultant: Assoc. Prof. Kateřina Valentová, Ph.D. Title of Thesis: Determination of the stoichiometry of the copper complexes with dehydrosilybin A Silymarin, the standardized extract of the milk thistle (Silybum marianum), is a widely used approved over-the-counter drug that is recommended for a number of liver diseases. Silymarin contains as one of its components 2,3-dehydrosilybinA, which has an appropriate metal binding site in its structure. In general, flavonolignans, due to their structure, can interact with transition metals in the gastrointestinal tract by forming complexes. This property can be useful for the protection against excessive amounts of metals in the body. The aim of this in vitro study was to analyse the interaction of 2,3-dehydrosilybin A with copper, which plays a crucial role in the organism as a cofactor of many enzymes. Although being an essential element, it can, however, be toxic at elevated levels. Stoichiometry, as one of the most important characteristics of the complex, was determined by UV-Vis spectrophotometry in four (patho)physiological pH conditions (4.5; 5.5; 6.8; 7.5)...
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Determination of the stoichiometry of the copper complexes with dehydrosilybine A
Klimková, Kateřina ; Mladěnka, Přemysl (advisor) ; Hrdina, Radomír (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Candidate: Kateřina Klimková Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Přemysl Mladěnka, Pharm. D., Ph.D. Consultant: Assoc. Prof. Kateřina Valentová, Ph.D. Title of Thesis: Determination of the stoichiometry of the copper complexes with dehydrosilybin A Silymarin, the standardized extract of the milk thistle (Silybum marianum), is a widely used approved over-the-counter drug that is recommended for a number of liver diseases. Silymarin contains as one of its components 2,3-dehydrosilybinA, which has an appropriate metal binding site in its structure. In general, flavonolignans, due to their structure, can interact with transition metals in the gastrointestinal tract by forming complexes. This property can be useful for the protection against excessive amounts of metals in the body. The aim of this in vitro study was to analyse the interaction of 2,3-dehydrosilybin A with copper, which plays a crucial role in the organism as a cofactor of many enzymes. Although being an essential element, it can, however, be toxic at elevated levels. Stoichiometry, as one of the most important characteristics of the complex, was determined by UV-Vis spectrophotometry in four (patho)physiological pH conditions (4.5; 5.5; 6.8; 7.5)...
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Preparative diastereomeric separation of silybin and its sulfates by RP-HPLC
Kolářová, Petra ; Tesařová, Eva (advisor) ; Kalíková, Květa (referee)
Silymarin is standardized extract isolated from fruits of Milk Thistle plant (Silybum marianum). The principal component of silymarin is silybin. This flavonolignan is mainly responsible for the medicinal effects of Milk Thistle fruits: antioxidant, hepatoprotective, anticancer and chemoprotective activities. Natural silybin exists as an equimolar mixture of diastereomers A and B whose preparative separation is very hard. It was shown that the biological activity of silybin A and B are different. Silybin in the blood conjugates mainly to sulfates. The structure or biological activity of the sulfates is not yet known. The aim of this work is to develop practically applicable method for preparative separation of diastereomers of silybin A and B, and sulfates, which are considered as one of the major metabolites of silybin. The preparative method for separation of silybin A and B in the mobile phase consisting of 50% MeOH on the chromatographic column Labio C18 25x250 mm, was developed. In addition, preparative method for separation of mixture of products accured from the sulphation of silybin-23-acetate in the mobile phase consisting of MeOH/H2O 60/40 (v/v) with addition of 10 ml/l HCOOH, was optimized.
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The effect of silymarin, naringin and resveratrol on the liver damage induced by some xenobiotics
Kovaříková, Pavla ; Eybl, Vladislav (advisor) ; Anzenbacherová, Eva (referee) ; Mayer, Otto (referee)
The vast majority of exogenous substances is metabolized in the liver. In the course of the biotransformation, partly biologically non-active products, partly reactive species leading to cell structure injury and even to the liver failure are produced. Oxidative stress plays a significant role in the toxic- and drug-induced liver damage. Endogenous and exogenous antioxidants contribute to equilibrium between the production and the elimination of reactive oxygen species and thus prevent the oxidative stress. In acute experiments in rats we examined the ability of natural antioxidants silymarin, naringin and resveratrol and of synthetic chelator deferipron to protect against liver damage induced by paracetamol, thioacetamide and tamoxifen. The following parameters of oxidative stress were measured in the liver homogenates: level of lipid peroxidation (LP), concentration of reduced glutathione (GSH), activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and of catalase (CAT); in some cases the iron liver content. The following markers of liver damage were measured in serum: alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH). Concernig markers of oxidative status, silymarin exerted the most efficient antioxidant properties amelioratig the TAA- and TAM-induced lipid...
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Vliv ostropestřce mariánského (Silybum marianum L.) na zdravotní ukazatele laboratorních potkanů
Pražáková, Jana
The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the influence of the seeds cakes of milk thistle (Silybum marianum L.) into feed fodder of laboratory rats. Milk thistle is one of the most famous and most frequently used herb positively influencing liver function. The aim was to verify the hypothesis that the seeds cakes of milk thistle in the feed fodder have influence on the biochemical parameters of blood. There were 24 male laboratory rats of Wistar albino species separated into 2 groups (A, B). Rats in the group A were fed with feed fodder with additional 10% of milk thistle seeds cakes. The control group (B) was fed with feed fodder without any additional milk thistle seeds cakes. The content of silimarin in the seeds cakes was 26,5mg/g. During the 30 days experiment average weight increase and biochemical values of blood was observed. Weight was measured on the 0. - 7. - 14. - 21. – 30. day of the experiment. Blood measurements were conducted by heart punction after killing 3 laboratory rats by inhalative anesthesia of Isofuran on 0. - 10. - 20. - 30. day of the experiment. The full blood sample was collected to determine biochemical blood parameters. There was no significant influence of milk thistle seeds cakes on the biochemical parameters of blood. Group fed with milk thistle seeds cakes showed higher activity of AST enzymes as well as higher concentration of HDL laboratory rats fed with milk thistle seeds cakes. Laboratory rats fed with milk thistle seeds cakes showed higher increase in daily weight measurements than the group of control. Results show that milk thistle seeds cakes have no significant influence on health indicators taken from the biochemical parameters of the blood.
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Zkrmování výlisků ostropestřce mariánského u nosnic na začátku snášky
Čaganová, Soňa
This thesis is aimed at studying the effect of the addition of milk thistle (Silybum marianum) seed cakes to the diet on metabolism, liver function and performance of laying hens at the beginning of laying. In the experiment, the results were compared between a group of laying hens, which were fed with the basic feed mixture without the addition of milk thistle seed cakes with the experimental group with the addition of milk thistle seed cakes in the feed mixture. It was situated 30 hens breed ISA Brown into the experiment, divided into two groups. The first group was experimental with the addition of milk thistle seed cakes (7 % in the mixture), and the second group was a control. The experiment evaluated egg laying, egg weight, food consumption and the animal weight. During the experiment, blood was twice collected from animals for biochemical examination focusing on the parameters of liver profile. The results of the experiments didn´t show any effects of feeding milk thistle seed cakes on the body weight of laying hens. By evaluating the performance parameters of the laying hens it showed a significantly lower egg laying, but also showed a lower consumption of feed (P < 0.05). At the same time, the data found higher weigh of eggs (P < 0.01) in this group, but the egg production was significantly lower than in the control group. During the examination of biochemical parameters of blood there was a significantly higher concentration of bilirubin, uric acid and cholesterol (P < 0.05) in the blood plasma of laying hens fed by the addition of milk thistle seed cakes. At the second sampling (approximately 2 months) the laying hens that were fed with milk thistle seed cakes have consistently higher concentration of cholesterol (P < 0.05) and lower activity of dehydrogenase, creatine kinase (P < 0.05) and uric acid (P < 0.01) in the blood. In the experiment there was no clear positive or negative effects of the milk thistle seed cakes on the performance parameters and biochemical profile of the blood plasma.
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The ex vivo effects of selected silymarin flavonolygnans on isolated rat aorta
Sloukgi, Tatiana ; Pourová, Jana (advisor) ; Mladěnka, Přemysl (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Tatiana Sloukgi Supervisor: PharmDr. Jana Pourová, Ph.D. Title of Diploma Thesis: The effect of Silymarin Flavonolignans and their sulfated conjugates on blood vessels ex vivo. Silymarin flavonolignans have recently shown some positive effects on the cardiovascular system. In this work, we studied the vasodilatory effect on rat aorta ex vivo of three silymarin conjugates, silybin A-20-sulfate, silybin B-20-sulfate and 2,3- dehydrosilychristin-19-O-sulfate, and one parent flavonolignan 2,3- dehydrosilychristin. For each substance, a concentration response curve was created and the concentration that produces 50% of maximum relaxation was determined (EC50). All substances exerted very low or no vasodilatory activity. Finally, we focused on the mechanism of action of silybin A. We tested whether its vasorelaxant activity depends on the presence of intact endothelium. The vasorelaxant effect of silybin A on isolated rat aorta ex vivo was clearly endothelium-dependent.
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Cardiovascular effects of silymarin
Ryzová, Leona ; Pourová, Jana (advisor) ; Vopršalová, Marie (referee)
1 ABSTRACT Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Leona Ryzová Supervisor: PharmDr. Jana Pourová, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Cardiovascular effects of silymarin Aim: The aim of the diploma thesis is to summarize the existing knowledge about the mixture of natural plant substances collectively referred to as silymarin and to map the results of the latest studies focusing on the cardiovascular effects of silymarin. Main findings: Available data suggest that silymarin has positive effects on the human body, including hepatoprotective, choleretic and cholagogic, neuroprotective, anticancer and antiviral, anti-inflammatory and positive effects on diabetes mellitus. Positive effects on the cardiovascular system include protective effects on the vascular endothelium, antioxidant effects, beneficial effects on blood lipids, regulation of blood aggregation and antidiabetic effects. Although the conclusions from cardiovascular studies are not always the same, most confirm the positive effect of silymarin on the cardiovascular system. A necessary part of future research will be the search for new dosage forms in order to increase the bioavailability of silymarin, which so far limits its clinical application. Conclusion: Silymarin is a mixture of...
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